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Passage(一)
1.
be born with 生而具有
be born of 出生于
e.g.Tom was born with the talent of music.
Lisa was born to/of a noble family.
2.
later adj.更迟的,更后的adv.稍后,随后
e.g.Many years later, in Washington, D.C., he spoke to a crowd of 250,000 people.
许多年以后,在华盛顿特区,他向二十五万美国人民发表了演说。
Ill tell you all about it later on.
晚些时候我再把有关这一切告诉你。
late adv.晚, 迟adj.迟的, 晚(期)的, 已故的, 新近的
e.g.They talked late into the evening.聊到很晚
a late development 最新发展 the latest fashion 最新时尚
the late president前任总统
latter adj. (两者中)后者的
e.g.Did he walk or swim? The latter seems unlikely.
他是散步还是游泳?后者看来不太可能。
of the two the latter is far better than the former.
两者中后者比前者好得多。
3.
identify vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样 v.确定
e.g.The markings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify.
标记模糊不清，难以识别。
I identified the jacket at once; it was my brothers.
我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。
The police are in the room identifying the handwriting on the letter.
警察正在房间里鉴定书信上的笔迹。
be identified as 被看作
e.g.Yan’an is identified as the cradle of China revolution.
延安被看作是中国革命的摇篮。
4.
to a large extent
e.g.To a large extent, the car accident was caused by carelessness.
这场交通事故很大程度上是粗心引起的。
I agree with you to some extent. 我部分地同意你。
to a certian extent在一定程度上, 有几分, 部分地
to a great extent很大程度上, 非常
to some extent某种程度上, (多少)有一点
to such an extent that 到这样的程度以致[竟然]...
to that extent达到那样的程度
to the least extent极少地, 最低地
to the utmost extent到极点, 最大限度地; 极力地
5.
inhibit from
e.g.They are doing experiments to inhibit mice from breeding.
他们在做实验阻止老鼠繁殖。
6.
of ones choice 自已选的, 自己喜欢的
of choice精选的, 特别好的
e.g.Trust me, this is a shirt of choice. 相信我，这绝对是一件值得推荐的衬衫。
Let me show you my favorite collection of dolls; they are of my choice.
你来看看我心爱的玩具吧，都是我自己选的。
*choice， alternative， option， preference， selection， election
Each of these nouns denotes the act, power, or right of choosing.
1)
Choice implies broadly the freedom to choose from a set, as of persons or things:
e.g.The store offers a wide choice of fruits and vegetables.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
I had no choice-- her decision was final. 我没有选择的余地--他们的决定已成定局。
2)
Alternative emphasizes a choosing between only two possibilities or courses of action: Alternative强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间所作的选择：
e.g.An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do? (Jane Austen).
“伊丽莎白，你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择。…如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲会再也不愿见到你, 而如果你要嫁给他，我会再也不愿见到你”(简·奥斯丁)。
3)
option often stresses a power or liberty to choose that has been granted, as by an authority: option常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由：
e.g.The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee.
可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及重组选拔委员会之间作出选择。
4)
preference indicates choice based on ones values, bias, or predilections:指基于个人价值观、偏见或偏好上的选择：
e.g.We were offered our preference of wines.
我们可以选择自己喜欢的葡萄酒。
5)
Selection suggests a variety of things or persons to choose from:含有可供选择的许多不同的人或物的意思：
e.g.parents should exercise care in their selection of the movies their young children see. 家长们在为他们年幼的孩子们挑选所看的电影时应小心谨慎。
6)
Election especially emphasizes the use of judgment in choosing: 特别强调选择时使用判断力：
e.g.The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature.
校方建议选择有关写作与文学的课程
7.
primitive adj.原始的, 远古的, 粗糙的, 简单的
e.g.primitive men lived in caves. 原始人住在山洞里。
The native of that region still live in primitive straw huts.
那个地区的居民依然住在古老的茅草屋里。
Small seashells were once used as a primitive kind of money.
小贝壳曾经被用作简单的钱币。
8.
parallel n.平行线, 平行面, 类似, 相似物
e.g.Do you think it is a unique event, without parallel in history?
你觉得这件事是历史上独一无二的事件吗?
He is the greatest center in the history of basketball without a parallel.
他是篮球史上无与伦比最伟大的中锋。
There are few parallels between American football and European football.
美国足球和欧洲足球没有什么相似之处。
v.相应, 平行; 相等;匹敌
e.g.The stream parallels the road for several miles.
这条小河与那条道平行数英里。
No one has paralleled his success in business.
没有人能与他在商业上的成功相匹敌。
Her daily life parallels mine. 她的日常生活与我的相同。
adj.平行的, 相同的, 类似的, 并联的
e.g.parallel lines平行线
parallel bars双杠
The railway line runs parallel with / to the highway.
铁路线和那条公路平行。
9.
award vt. 颁奖，授奖
e.g.The school awarded Merry a prize (for her good work).
学校(因为她工作好而)奖励了梅丽。
He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company.
公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所作出的创造性成就。
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
他跑得最快,因而获得了金牌。
Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace Nobal prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.
小马丁.路德.金因为主张民权运动中采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年诺贝尔和平奖。
10.
on a large scale 大规模地
e.g.They are preparing for war on a large scale.
他们正在大规模地备战。
Any public demonstration on a large scale without the permission of the city authorities is antisocial.
不得市政当局的允许举行大规模游行示威是妨害社会秩序的。